Unitary State

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Unitary state - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In a unitary state, any sub-governmental units can be created or abolished, and ... A unitary state can broaden and narrow the functions of such devolved ...
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Democratic unitary state - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Democratic unitary state. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jump to: navigation, search. Democratic unitary states are democratic states which have a centralised ...
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unitary definition | Dictionary.com
Definition of unitary at Dictionary.com with free audio pronunciation. ... within the state, and taxing that percentage unitary business operating ...
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NationStates | Spotlight on The Federation of Unitary States
Unitary States's national animal is the gray wolf, which teeters on the brink of ... 7 days ago: Unitary States was endorsed by The Sultanate of Southsea Bronx. ...
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Unitary state - Gurupedia
While some unitary states are governed as one unit (for example, the Republic of ... the central parliament, in a unitary state any sub-governmental units created ...
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UNITARY GOVERNMENT
... States is one of the few nations that does not have a unitary government. ... As a unitary state, Hawaii has been able to exercise control of both great and ...
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S corporations
Generally, a state presumes a unitary relationship whenever unity of ownership, ... Because a unitary group in an 80/20 state excludes an 80/20 company on its ...
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Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka: The Dilemma of Building a Unitary State
to maintain the unitary state structure of the country, while weakening the ... uphold a unitary state in Sri Lanka established by the British colonial rulers in 1833 ...
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The Island-Features
APRC on track, solution based on unitary state: Prof.Tissa Vitarana. By Lynn Ockersz ... The fact is that this is possible within a unitary state. ...
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A unitary state is a state or country whose three organs of state are governed constitutionally as one single unit, with one constitutionally created legislature. The political power of government in such states may well be transferred to lower levels, to regionally or locally elected assemblies, governors and mayors ("devolved government"), but the central government retains the principal right to recall such delegated power.

In a unitary state, any sub-governmental units can be created or abolished, and have their powers varied, by the central government. The process in which sub-government units and/or regional parliaments are created by a central government is known as devolution. A unitary state can broaden and narrow the functions of such devolved (sub-)governments without formal agreement from the affected bodies. In Federation, by contrast, assemblies in those state (subnational) composing the federation have a constitutional existence and a set of constitutional functions which cannot be unilaterally changed by the central government. In some such cases, such as in the United States, it is the federal government that has only those powers expressly delegated to it.

Most federal states also have unitary lower levels of government. Thus while the United States itself is federal, the U.S. states are themselves unitary, with counties and other municipalities having only the authority given (devolved) to them by the state constitution or State legislature (United States).

The majority of the world's countries are unitary states mainly because most of them are not large enough to warrant a separation into distinct internal territories. Thus many of the non-unitary states of the world are very large in size, particularly Russia, Canada, United States, Brazil, India and Australia. This does not imply that large size will invariably result in non-unitary government; China, for instance, due to its political and socio-cultural history, has not seen the rise of a non-unitary arrangement, though certain economists argue that the current political and economic situation in mainland China constitute a unique form of Chinese federalism. Other counter-examples are Belgium and Switzerland, which despite a small territory have developed a complex federal system.

Notable examples The United Kingdom is a unitary state with a series of parliament-created devolved assemblies, for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, all of which were created between 1998 and 1999. The Republic of Ireland is a unitary state without Subnational entity governments.

China is principally a unitary state formed with the central government having direct authority over the provinces and delegating authority to provincial governments. However the status of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) is open to debate, depending on one's interpretation of the Hong Kong Basic Law. Most Chinese legal scholars argue that the Basic Law is purely domestic legislation deriving its authority from the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, in which case the SAR is a devolved government entirely consistent with the view of China as a unitary state. However others argue that the Basic Law derives its authority directly from the Sino-British Joint Declaration, in which case it is possible to regard it as a constitution, implying a federal relationship between China and Hong Kong and placing China in the hybrid category. Similar considerations affect the Macau SAR.

India is mostly a federal state but under the controversial Article 356 of the Indian Constitution, a President can dismiss a state government.

Devolved state A "devolved state" is an increasingly common form of unitary state which allows regions extensive powers, but the central government reserves the right to withdraw those powers at will, regions having no actual right to any powers. The powers of regions are therefore held entirely at the pleasure of the central government.

In the devolved state model, the regional entities have their own governments and may have their own laws, and typically practice a large degree of autonomous decision making. In this way, they are similar to the federal model. However, the state is still unitary, and the subnational entities (unlike in a federation) do not have any constitutional rights to challenge national legislation or preserve their powers. Depending on the exact legal status of the devolved powers, the laws of the subnational entity may be overridden, or the entity's law-making power curtailed, by an ordinary law of the national government, or by a simple decision of the head of government. The United Kingdom is a good example of this: Scotland has a wide degree of autonomous law-making power, however, there is no right for Scotland to challenge the constitutionality of UK national legislation, and laws of Scotland can be overridden, and the powers of the Scottish parliament revoked or reduced, by an act of the national parliament or a decision of the Prime Minister. In the case of Northern Ireland, the devolved powers of the region have been suspended by a simple government decision on several occasions. Thus, the UK is still a unitary state, despite superficially appearing somewhat like a federal state in practice.

Devolution (like federation) may be symmetrical (all regions having the same powers and status) or asymmetric (regions varying in their powers and status). UK devolution is asymmetric.

List of unitary states

Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Armenia
Aruba
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Belarus
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Botswana
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
People's Republic of China
Colombia
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Costa Rica
Côte d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Fiji
Finland
France
Gabon
The Gambia
Georgia (country)
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala

Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hungary
Iceland
Indonesia
Iran
Republic of Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Republic of Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
North Korea
Norway
Oman

Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Romania
Rwanda
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa
San Marino
São Tomé and Príncipe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
South Africa
South Korea
Spain
Sri Lanka
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Syria
Republic of China
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Tuvalu
Uganda
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican City
Vietnam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe